Summary
Background
Reconstruction of the trachea following resection for malignancy is challenging. We
present our experience over a 5-year period, and a reconstruction algorithm with particular
emphasis on minimising complications associated with radiotherapy.
Methods
A maximum of six tracheal rings can be resected and anastomosed primarily with acceptable
tension. A more conservative approach is required in an irradiated trachea. For a
limited defect localised anteriorly or laterally, a tracheal flap can be fashioned.
As for more eccentric defects, an option is to convert the defect into an asymmetrical
segmental defect, and to primarily anastomose the trachea with rotation of the distal
stump. Our workhorse loco-regional flaps for patch reconstruction or suture line reinforcement
include the sternocleidomastoid, internal mammary artery perforator and pectoralis
major myocutaneous flaps. For extensive defects, a radial forearm free flap (RFFF)
with rib cartilage struts for rigidity provides a good solution.
Results
Fifteen patients (M:F = 4:11, median age 69 years) were identified. Six cases were
locally aggressive papillary thyroid cancer. Mean follow-up was 17 months. Five and
two patients had had radiotherapy prior to and following tracheal resection, respectively.
Nine patients were extubated at the end of surgery, two were successfully decannulated
from their T tube subsequently, and one from his tracheostomy. The two surgical complications
included a partial RFFF dehiscence causing minor air leak, and major haemorrhage that
warranted urgent operation and pectoralis major flap reconstruction.
Conclusion
Reconstruction of the trachea requires individualised techniques suited to the patient's
body habitus, co-morbidity, previous treatment and the configuration of the defect.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 24, 2012
Accepted:
July 11,
2012
Received:
March 27,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
