Summary
Introduction and aims
Sclerotherapy has become first line treatment for most venous malformations and some
lymphatic malformations. We aimed to measure our sclerotherapy treatment success using
3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD) and describe our experience.
Materials and methods
Retrospective five year review (Jan 04–09) of children with vascular malformations
treated at our centre with 3% STD. Patients were classified using the Birmingham classification
and treatment success was measured through case note review and pre- and post-treatment
photographs.
Findings and results
Forty-three (84.3%) of the 51 patients with vascular malformations (VM) who underwent
sclerotherapy derived a benefit. Twelve patients (23.5%) had an excellent result,
31 (60.8%) were improved whilst eight (15.7%) were unchanged. Using Fisher's exact
test, there was a statistically significant difference in achieving complete resolution
of superficial VMs compared to lesions involving the deeper layers of the head and
neck. 17.6% of patients developed a complication with an overall complication rate
of 12.2% per injection. There was one major complication with the remainder consisting
of superficial skin necrosis that resolved conservatively.
Conclusions
Treatment with 3% STD sclerotherapy is effective in venous and some lymphatic vascular
malformations. It should be considered an important treatment modality within a multi-disciplinary
setting in these difficult problems.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Haemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics.Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982; 69: 412-422
Mulliken JB. Vascular anomalies. In: Thorne CH, editor. Grabb & Smith's plastic surgery. Chapter 22. 6th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Haemangiomas, vascular malformations, and lymphovenous malformations: classification and methods of treatment.Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993; 91: 1216-1230
- Magnetic resonance imaging of vascular anomalies.Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2002; 10 (vii): 363-388
- Vascular low-flow malformations in children: current concepts for classification, diagnosis and therapy.Eur J Radiol. 2005; 53: 35-45
- New approaches to the treatment of congenital vascular malformations (CMVs): a single centre experience.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005; 30: 184-197
- Significant hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck: clinical management and treatment outcomes.Ann Plast Surg. 1995; 35: 133-143
- Periorbital lymphatic malformation: clinical course and management in 42 patients.Plast Recontr Surg. 2005; 115: 22-30
- Venous malformations of the limbs: the Birmingham experience, comparisons and classification in children.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 Mar; 63: 383-389
- Craniofacial cavernous venous malformations: percutaneous sclerotherapy with use of ethanolamine oleate.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002; 13: 475-482
- Treatment of varicose veins. An update.Am J Surg. 1983 Feb; 145: 248-252
- Percutaneous sclerotherapy of venous malformations of the head and neck using sodium tetradecyl sulphate (sotradecol).Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1997; 31: 145-150
- Immediate pathologic effects on the vein wall of foam sclerotherapy.Dermatol Surg. 2007 Oct; 33: 1250-1254
- Percutaneous sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy for peripheral venous malformations: a single centre experience.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007; 18: 343-351
- Hemangiomas, vascular malformations, and lymphovenous malformations: classification and methods of treatment.Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993 Jun; 91: 1216-1230
- Vascular malformations: part 1.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007; 56: 353-370
- Endovascular treatment of venous malformations in extremities: results of sclerotherapy and the quality of life after treatment.Acta Radiol. 2004; 45: 397-403
- Venous vascular malformations in pediatric patients: comparison of results of alcohol sclerotherapy with proposed MR imaging classification.Radiology. 2002; 223: 639-644
- Sclerotherapy of craniofacial venous malformations: complications and results.Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Jul; 104: 1-11
- Craniofacial venous malformations: magnetic resonance imaging features that predict treatment outcome.J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Nov; 67: 2388-2396
Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 21, 2012
Accepted:
May 6,
2012
Received:
September 21,
2011
Footnotes
☆Presented as an oral presentation at the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery Summer Meeting (BAPRAS) June 2010.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
