Summary
Congenital variations of the shape and structure of the nipple lacks coverage in the
medical literature. We present four cases of a specific and unique congenital nipple
anomaly, the cleft nipple. Each woman had a normal contralateral breast and nipple–areola
complex. Three of the four cases were corrected surgically with no complications experienced.
Included in the discussion is a description of the techniques used in the corrective
surgery and a review of the current literature on associated variations of normality.
Keywords
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References
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 12, 2011
Accepted:
November 10,
2011
Received:
April 13,
2011
Footnotes
☆Meetings presented at, wholly or in, part: Poster Presentation at the 11th Congress ESPRAS (European Societies of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery), Rhodes, Greece 20–26 September 2009.
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
