Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Volume 63, Issue 8 , Pages 1294-1299 , August 2010

Macrovascular arteriovenous shunts (MAS): A newly identified structure in the abdominal wall with implications for thermoregulation and free tissue transfer

Received 25 December 2008 ,Accepted 8 June 2009.

References 

  1. Sherman JLJ. Normal arteriovenous anastomoses. Medicine (Baltimore). 1963;42:247–267
  2. Tobin CE, Zariquiey MO. Arterio-venous shunts in the human lung. Proc Soc Exp Bio Med. 1950;75:
  3. Rozen WM, Ashton MW, Grinsell D, et al. Establishing the case for CT angiography in the preoperative imaging of abdominal wall perforators. Microsurgery. 2008;28:306–313
  4. Rozen WM, Ashton MW, Stella DL, et al. The accuracy of computed tomographic angiography for mapping the perforators of the deep inferior epigastric artery: a blinded, prospective cohort study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:1003–1009
  5. Phillips TJ, Stella DL, Rozen WM, et al. Abdominal wall CT angiography: a detailed account of a newly established preoperative imaging technique. Radiology. 2008;249:32–44
  6. Laelis-Laelis. Cited by Sherman (1963); 1707.
  7. Sucquet JP. D'une circulation derivative dans les membres et dans la tete chez l'homme; 1862.
  8. Doby T. The number of direct arteriovenous anatomoses in the kidney. Acta Med Acad Sci Hung. 1952;3:207–210
  9. Prinzmetal M, Ornitz EM, Simkin B, et al. Arteriovenous anastomoses in liver, spleen and lungs. Am J Physiol. 1948;152:48–52
  10. Prinzmetal M, Simkin B, Bergman HC, et al. Studies on the collateral circulation of the normal human heart coronary perfusion with radioactive erythrocytes and glass spheres. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1948;18:122–156
  11. Simkin B, Bergman HC, Silver H, et al. Renal arteriovenous anastomoses in rabbits, dogs and human subjects. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1948;81:115–125
  12. Sherman JLJ, Newman S. Functioning arteriovenous anastomoses in the stomach and duodenum. Am J Physiol. 1954;179:279–281
  13. Walder DN. Ateriovenous anastomoses of the human stomach. Clin Sci. 1952;11:59–71
  14. Niden AH, Aviado DM. Effects of pulmonary embolism on pulmonary circulation with special reference to AV shunts in the lung. Circ Res. 1956;4:67–73
  15. Rahn H, Stroud RC, Tobin CE. Visualisation of arteriovenous shunts by cinefluography in the lungs of normal dogs. Proc Soc Exp Bio Med. 1952;80:239–241
  16. Boestrom B, Schneider PW. Uber die wirkung depressorischer reflexe auf die Durchblutung der aterio-venosen anastomosen der hundeextremitat. Arch Ges Physiol. 1953;257:
  17. Grant RT. Observations on direct communications between arteries and veins in the rabbit's ear. Heart. 1929–31;15:
  18. Clara M. Die arterio-venosen anastomosen – as quoted in Sherman. 2nd ed.. Springer Verlag; 1963;1956
  19. Masson P. Les glomus neuro-vasculaires. – as cited by Sherman (1963). Paris: Herman et Cie; 1937;
  20. Hurley HJ, Mescon H. The cholinergic innervation of the digital arterio-venous anastomoses of human skin. A histochemical localization of cholinesterase. Report #191, Army medical research laboratory, Kentucky; 1955.
  21. Bada JL. Treatment of erythromelalgia with propranolol. Lancet. 1977;2:412
  22. Burk RW, Serafin D, Klitzman B. Toxic effects of catecholamines on skin. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;85:92–99
  23. Mork C, Asker CL, Salerud EG, et al. Microvascular arteriovenous shunting is a probable pathogenetic mechanism in erythromelalgia. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;114:643–646
  24. Garcia Ramos J, Rudomin P. On the lung's capillary circulation. I. The vasomotor control. Acta Physiol Latinoam. 1957;7:43–47
  25. Lewis T, Pickering G. Vasodilatation in limbs in response to warming body, with evidence for sympathetic vasodilator nerves in man. Heart. 1931;16:
  26. Staubesand J, Hammersen F. Problematik des nachweises ateriovenosur anastomosen im injektionspraparat. I. Beobachtungen im nierenbecken. Ztschr Anat. 1956;119:
  27. Bucciante L. Anastomosi aretero-venose e disposiviti regolatori del flusso sanguigno. Mon Zool Italy Suppl. 1949;57:
  28. Clark ER, Clark EL. The formation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the rabbit's ear. Am J Anat. 1934;55:
  29. Lewis T. Observations upon the reactions of the human skin to cold. Heart. 1930;15:
  30. Grant RT, Bland EF, Camp PD. Observations on the vessels and nerves of the rabbit's ear with special reference to the reaction to cold. Heart. 1932;16:
  31. Grant RT, Bland EF. Observations on arterio-venous anastomoses in human skin and bird's feet with special reference to reaction to cold. Heart. 1929–31;15:
  32. Ljubojevic S, Lipozencic J, Pustisek N. Erythromelalgia. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2004;12:99–105
  33. Mork C, Kvernebo K, Asker CL, et al. Reduced skin capillary density during attacks of erythromelalgia implies arteriovenous shunting as pathogenetic mechanism. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119:949–953
  34. Mork C, Salerud EG, Asker CL, et al. The prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol reduces symptoms and microvascular arteriovenous shunting in erythromelalgia-a double-blind, crossover, placebo-compared study. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122:587–593
  35. Luckner H. Die funktionen der arteriovenosen anastomosen. Kapillaren und interstitium. – as cited in Sherman(1963); 1955.
  36. Schroeder W. Zur physiologie der ateriovensem anastomosen. As cited by Sherman (1963); 1952.
  37. Hoopes JE. Pedicled flaps – an overview. In:  Krizek TJ,  Hoopes JE editor. Symposium on Basic Science in Plastic Surgery. St Louis: Mosby; 1976;p. 241–249

PII: S1748-6815(09)00456-2

doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2009.06.010

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Volume 63, Issue 8 , Pages 1294-1299 , August 2010