Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Volume 61, Issue 1 , Pages 61-64 , January 2008

Computed tomography in the management of cervical lymph node pathology

Received 15 July 2006 ,Accepted 21 May 2007.

References 

  1. Shah JP. Pattern of cervical lymph node metastasis from squamous carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Am J Surg. 1990;160:405–409
  2. Byers RM, Wolf PF, Ballantyne AJ. Rationale for elective modified neck dissection. Head Neck Surg. 1988;10:160–167
  3. Mendelson BC, Woods JE, Beahrs OH. Neck dissection in the treatment of carcinoma of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1976;143:75–80
  4. Cunningham MJ, Johnson JT, Myers EN, et al. Cervical lymph node metastasis after local excision of early squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Am J Surg. 1986;152:361–366
  5. Ambrosch P, Kron M, Fischer G, et al. Micrometastases in carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: detection, risk of metastasizing, and prognostic value of depth of invasion. Head Neck. 1995;17:473–479
  6. Barrera JE, Miller ME, Said S, et al. Detection of occult cervical metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:892–896
  7. Mancuso AA, Maceri D, Rice D, et al. CT of cervical lymph node cancer. Am J Roentgenol. 1981;136:381–385
  8. Mancuso AA, Harnsberger HR, Muraki AS, et al. Computed tomography of cervical and retropharyngeal lymph nodes: normal anatomy, variants of normal, and applications in staging head and neck cancer. Part II pathology. Radiology. 1983;148:715–723
  9. Friedman M, Shelton VK, Mafee M, et al. Metastatic neck disease. Evaluation by computed tomography. Arch Otolaryngol. 1984;110:443–447
  10. Stevens MH, Harnsberger HR, Mancuso AA, et al. Computed tomography of cervical lymph nodes. Staging and management of head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol. 1985;111:735–739
  11. Merritt RM, Williams MF, James TH, et al. Detection of cervical metastasis. A meta-analysis comparing computed tomography with physical examination. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123:149–152
  12. Gullane P. Skin. In:  Gluckman J,  Gullane P,  Johnson J editor. Practical approach to head and neck tumors. New York: Raven Press; 1994;p. 175–186
  13. Gullane P. Lip. In:  Gluckman J,  Gullane P,  Johnson J editor. Practical approach to head and neck tumors. New York: Raven Press; 1994;p. 65–76
  14. Bergman SA, Ord RA, Rothman R. Accuracy of clinical examination versus computed tomography in detecting occult lymph node involvement in patients with oral epidermoid carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:1236–1239
  15. Lydiatt DD, Markin RS, Williams SM, et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of cervical metastasis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989;101:422–425
  16. Hillsamer PJ, Schuller DE, McGhee RB, et al. Improving diagnostic accuracy of cervical metastases with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116:1297–1301
  17. Close LG, Merkel M, Vuitch MF, et al. Computed tomographic evaluation of regional lymph node involvement in cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Head Neck. 1989;11:309–317
  18. Moreau P, Goffart Y, Collignon J. Computed tomography of metastatic cervical lymph nodes. A clinical, computed tomographic, pathologic correlative study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116:1190–1193
  19. Muraki AS, Mancuso AA, Harnsberger HR. Metastatic cervical adenopathy from tumors of unknown origin: role of CT. Radiology. 1984;152:749–753
  20. Yousem DM, Som PM, Hackney DB, et al. Central nodal necrosis and extracapsular neoplastic spread in cervical lymph nodes: MR imaging versus CT. Radiology. 1992;182:753–759
  21. Curtin HD, Ishwaran H, Mancuso AA, et al. Comparison of CT and MR imaging in staging of neck metastases. Radiology. 1998;207:123–130
  22. Van den Brekel MW, Stel HV, Castelijns JA, et al. Cervical lymph node metastasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology. 1990;177:379–384
  23. Friedman M, Roberts N, Kirshenbaum GL, et al. Nodal size of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the neck. Laryngoscope. 1993;103:854–856

PII: S1748-6815(07)00292-6

doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.05.013

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Volume 61, Issue 1 , Pages 61-64 , January 2008