Paediatric burns caused by other children

Summary 

Objective

Children with burns inflicted by other children represent a small proportion of referrals to our paediatric burns unit. The aim of this paper is to investigate any differences between them.

Design

Prospective observational audit.

Participants

Children admitted between January 1998 and December 2003.

Results

Forty-seven patients were admitted to our paediatric burns unit with burns inflicted by other children, of which 38 were male. Scalds were the cause of 53% of all the injuries. Two distinct groups were identified; one group had their burns inflicted by other children accidentally (Group A) and another reported their burns as inflicted by other children intentionally (Group B). The majority had less than 10% total body surface area (TBSA) burns sustained at home. Thirteen patients (27.7%) were reported as deliberate (Group B). The majority in Group B were males (90.9%, P>0.0001) with a median age of 12 years (P>0.0001) who sustained flame burns (P>0.0001) outdoors with a greater %TBSA (mean 12.1% versus 3.8% for Group A) and higher percentage of full thickness burns (38.5% versus 20.6% of group A). More children from Group B had separated parents (53.9% versus 5.9%) and came from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds (69.2% versus 8.8%). All the cases that required ITU admission came from this category. These patients required more surgery as compared to the accidental group (61.5% versus 26.4%). Children from Group B required prolonged periods of outpatient follow up (53.8% versus 14.7% from Group A) and a greater proportion of these children failed to keep outpatient follow-up appointments as compared to the accidental group (38.5% versus 23.5% of Group A, P=0.0007).

Conclusion

Older male children sustained significant burns outside their homes. They reported them as being deliberate assaults, although on closer inspection of the circumstances it was difficult to support their account of the events.

Keywords: Paediatric, Burns, Children, Accidental, Deliberate, Intentional