Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Volume 61, Issue 1 , Pages 78-83 , January 2008

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome as a cause of flap failure: A report of two cases

Received 30 March 2006 ,Accepted 11 December 2006.

References 

  1. Hudson DA, Engelbrecht G, Duminy FJ. Another method to prevent venous thrombosis in microsurgery: an in situ venous catheter. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105:999–1003
  2. Khouri RK, Cooley B, Kunselman A, et al. The International Microvascular Research Group: a prospective study of microvascular free-flap surgery and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:711–721
  3. Serletti JM, Steven L, Orlando GS, et al. Urokinase protocol for free-flap salvage following prolonged venous thrombosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:1947–1953
  4. Most D, Kozlow J, Heller J, et al. Thromboembolism in plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115:20e–30e
  5. Conrad MH, Adams WP. Pharmacologic optimization of microsurgery in the new millennium. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:2088–2097
  6. Kirschner RE, Xu J, Fyfe B, et al. Salvage of free flaps after secondary venous ischemia by local delivery of heparin. Ann Plast Surg. 1999;42:521–527
  7. Spinler S, Dager W. Overview of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003;60(Suppl. 5):S5–S11
  8. DeBois WJ, Liu J, Lee LY, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Perfusion. 2003;18:47–53
  9. Mureebe L, Silver D. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: pathophysiology and management. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2002;36:163–170
  10. Warkentin TE, Aird WC, Rand JH. Platelet–endothelial interactions: sepsis, HIT and antiphospholipid syndrome. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2003;497–519
  11. Nikolis A, Christopoulos A, Saint-Cyr M, et al. Recurrent venous thrombosis following free flap surgery: The role of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Can J Plast Surg. 2003;11:37–40
  12. Utley DS, Koch RJ, Goode RL. The failing flap in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery: role of the medicinal leech. Laryngoscope. 1998;108:1129–1135
  13. Chandawarkar RY, Papas N, Pederson J. Simple methods of preventing microvascular free flap failure. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110:1188–1190
  14. Dager W, White R. Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36:489–503
  15. Warkentin TE. Platelet count monitoring and laboratory testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126:1415–1423
  16. Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsch J, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1330–1335
  17. Arepally G, Cines DB. Pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2002;1:125–132
  18. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. A 14-year study of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med. 1996;101:502–507
  19. Messmore HL, Jeske WP, Wehrmacher WH, et al. Benefit-risk assessment of treatments for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Drug Saf. 2003;26:625–641
  20. Davison SP, Venturi ML, Attinger CE, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the plastic surgery patient. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:43e–51e
  21. Virchow RLK. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medicin. Frankfurt: Meidinger Sohn & Co.; 1856;

PII: S1748-6815(06)00640-1

doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2006.12.007

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Volume 61, Issue 1 , Pages 78-83 , January 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution